Evaluation of Renal Artery Stenosis in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Candidates (A Cross-Sectional Study)
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Abstract
Introduction: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is associated with adverse outcomes after major cardiovascular surgery. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of RAS among patients referred for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and to evaluate the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on its occurrence.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Damascus University Hospitals between May 2017 and May 2018. A total of 200 patients referred for CABG based on anatomical and clinical criteria were enrolled. Coronary and renal angiography were performed during the same session by interventional cardiologists. Significant RAS was defined as ≥50% luminal narrowing. Cardiovascular risk factors were documented, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and homogeneity of variance using Levene’s test.
Results: Among the 200 patients, 46 (23%) were female, with a mean age of 62.8 ± 9.0 years (range, 40–81 years). Significant RAS was identified in 40 patients (20%). Lesions were most commonly located in the main renal artery (63%), followed by the ostium (26%). RAS was significantly associated with female sex, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and left main coronary artery stenosis (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of RAS among high-risk patients referred for CABG was 20%, with significant associations to specific demographic and clinical factors. These findings support consideration of routine RAS screening in CABG candidates, particularly those at elevated risk.
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