On the Heart Rhythm Analysis by an Intelligent Control Method Using Artificial Neural Networks: Analytical Study and Electronic Simulation
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Abstract
One of the fundamental characteristics of the Heart’s physiology is its heart rate. Heart rhythms are interpreted by Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, which enable a better analysis of normal and pathological rhythms. For its normal functioning, the heart is modeled as an electrical system that generates its own electricity, and which enables to beat and play its role as a pump. This system is called the electrical conduction system of the heart. The electricity generated by the heart ensures contraction of the atria and ventricles. In this work, an intelligent control method is presented to establish a test for heart rhythm control, and the implementation of an electronic circuit for the heart model used is carried out. For a better analysis of the model used, an analysis of stability in its autonomous, unidirectionally coupled state is carried out. It reveals regions of stable and unstable periodicities describing very rich dynamic behaviours. The sinus node being the initiator of the electrical current that powers the heart, a control strategy for tracking sinus node signal trajectories in the event of a disturbance is developed. The observed dynamic is the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. To generate it, the heart is modeled on a network of three nonlinear oscillators linked by delayed Duffing-type connections: the sinus node, the atrioventricular node and the Purkinje His bundle. Other specificities of the cardiac rhythm are linked by external stimuli. The controlled variable is the sinus node signal. For better compensation of unknown or hidden heart dynamics, digitally, the feedback linearization method (FBL) by integrating an artificial neural network to compensate for the unknown dynamics is used. Based on synthetic ECGs, the results obtained show that FBL enables the heart to maintain its normal rhythm, avoiding pathological rhythms. For real-life implementation, an electronic simulation using analog components from OrCAD-Pspice software is carried out. The results obtained are in qualitative agreement.
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